MRI and Ultrasound Application Developed to Recognize Malignant Tumors Before they Metastasize

A new imaging approach--based on a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound technology--is able to measure the metabolic rates of breast cancer cells. This approach helps determine at an earlier stage than ever before which cells are metastasizing, and how they should be treated.

Not all breast cancers are similar, and not all will have deadly consequences. But because clinicians find it difficult to effectively determine which tumors will metastasize, many patients do not receive the therapy that fits their disease. Researchers from Tel Aviv University (TAU; Israel) have now refined breast cancer identification so that each course of treatment is as individual as the woman being treated.

The method, expected to start clinical trials in 2010, is currently being researched in Israel hospitals. "We have developed a nonintrusive way of studying the metabolism of breast cancer in real time,” remarked Dr. Ilan Tsarfaty, a lead researcher from TAU's Sackler Faculty of Medicine. "It's an invaluable tool. By the time results are in from a traditional biopsy, the cancer can already be radically different. But using our technique, we can map the tumor and its borders and determine with high levels of certainty--right away--which patients should be treated aggressively.”

The research falls in a new field called "translational and personalized medicine,” and according to Dr. Tsarfaty, it has the potential to save thousands of lives. Articles describing his methodologies are slated for upcoming publication in the journals Cancer Research and Neoplasia. "Current breast cancer treatments are not tailored to individual patients,” Dr. Tsarfaty said. "Our approach to profiling individual tumors will not only help save lives today, it will provide the basic research for developing cancer drugs of the future.”

The new research can be applied to all solid tumors, including those resulting from lung and brain cancer, and could be used to respond to a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Dr. Tsarfaty reported.

Dr. Tsarfaty's MRI and ultrasound-imaging application tracks the metabolic changes that occur during cancer metastasis. Increased blood flow (which can be sensed by ultrasound) and an increase of oxygen consumption (measured with an MRI) can indicate cancer metastasis with unprecedented levels of sensitivity.

Typically, scientists look for structural alterations in the body, such as the presence of a tumor. But with their new methods, Dr. Tsarfaty and his team, which includes his wife, a radiologist, are actually able to "see” cancer metastasis within a small group of cells long before the cancer spreads to other organs in the body. "Today, clinicians only diagnose cancer when they see a tumor several millimeters in size. But our diagnosis can be derived from observing only a few cells, and looks specifically at the activation levels of a protein called Met. Activated Met is an oncogen,” Dr. Galia Tsarfaty stated. "If the tumor cells show activation of Met, we can design personalized medicine to treat a specific kind of breast cancer.”

At Tel Aviv University, Dr. Tsarfaty is now working to establish a molecular imaging center--one of the first to encompass a multi-discipline approach to cancer imaging and treatment.

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